Boiler



July 7, 1925.

F. B. HOWELL BOILER v 'Filed Dec. 25. 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 m y a W. "W

July 7, 1925. 1,544,582

F. B. HOWELL 1 1301mm Filed Dec, 25. 1920 3 Sheets-Sh eet 2 Patented July 7, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK IB. HOWELL, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, A-SSIGNOR T0 AMERICAN RADIATOR "COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

BOILER.

Application filed December 23, 1920. Serial No. 432,688.

To all whom it may concern:

Be'it known that I, FRANK B. HOWELL, a citizen of the United States, residin at the city of Buffalo, Erie County, in the tate of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers,rof which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to improvements in boilers and the same has for its object more particularly to provide a boiler for heating purposes in which the fuel will be consumed with the smallest possible loss in heating efficiency.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the fuel magazine and the burning zone are so constructed and arranged as to prevent the compacting of the fuel, which results in the irregular feeding of the fuel and the retarding or pre-.I

venting of the due combustion thereof.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in whichfuel particles will be maintained in loosely related condition and particularly in the burning zone, whereby to insure the due supply and passage of air to and through the fuel to support the combustion thereof.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a boiler in which the products of combustion are initially separated in a plurality of horizontal strata or layers of gas or gases which are severally received in separated combustion chambers or pockets f where the same are caused to inter-mingle with the incoming air before the entry thereof into the fines in their passage to the stack.

Other objects will in part be obvious and in part be hereinafter pointed out.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends my invention consists in the novel details of combustion, and in the combination, connection and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings forming partof this specification wherein like numerals of reference indicate like parts,

Figure l is a front View, partly broken away, showing one form of boiler constructed according to, and embodying my said invention.

i Fig. 2 is a yertical section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken; on the line 33 of Fig. 2, showing the primary combustion chambers or pockets formed intermediate the burning zone and the fiues leading therefrom.

In said drawings designates a boiler which is of sectional type and comprises hollow end sections 11', 11, and a series ofintermediate sections 13. The intermediate sections 13 each consist of a front member 13, and a cooperating back member 13. The assembled sections 13*, 13 are provided at their upper and lower ends with openings to receive nipples 14 14, respectively, whereby said sections are secured together'and to the end sections 11. The assembled sections 11 and 13, which constitute the operative parts of the boiler, are enclosed by a metal jacket 15 provided upon its inner sides with lining members 16 consisting of asbestos, or other suitable heat insulating material.

The upperinclined front of the jacket 15 is provided with an opening having a metal frame 17 secured thereover having a registering opening l8 for the introduction of fuel into the magazine of the boiler. The opening 18 is provided, with a hinged cover 19.

Upon the front of the jacket 15, at its 'lower portion, is provided a suitable opening enclosed by a frame 20 having a hinged door 21, and above said ash pit opening is provided a smaller, longitudinal openmg constituting an air supply inlet, having a butterfly valve 22 for controlling the volume of air admitted to the burning zone.

The front 13 of each intermediate sec tion 13 consists-of a vertical upper portion 28 and a downwardly and slightly forwardly inclined lower portion 23 connected at its upper end to the lower end of said upper portion 23 by a downwardly and inwardly inclined portion 23".

The vertical upper portion 23 is provided upon the outer and inner edges of its opposite sides with ribs 24, 24, respectively. The inner ribs 24 also extend downwardly and include the rear edges of the inclined portions 23, and form the uppermost of a series of inclined fins 25, and at its upper end the portions 23 are provided with openings 26, one half of each of which is formed in each of the ribs of a pair of contacting sections. The openings 26 serve as air outlets for discharging into the magazine the air admitted-between the lower ends of the ribs 24, 24 of the upper'po-rtion 23.

' The remaining fins 25 on the lower portion 23 extend diagonally across said lower por-. tion 23, and the angles of said fins become progressively more acute as said fins approach'the lower end of said portions 23.

The portions 23 and fins 25 form outwardly and upwardly inclined recesses 25- which constitute inlets to insure the proper supply of air to the incandescent fuel. The fuel is deflected from the upper outer, portion of each of said inlets 2 5 by the overhanging or projecting inner end of the fin 25 directly above the same. Hence the re cesses 25 will not become choked with fuel preventing the proper supply of-air to the fuehreceptacle. I

The rea member 13 of each intermediate section 13 is provided at its front, top, back and bottom edges of. its opposite sides with peripheral ribs 27 which also include the nipple openings and nipples 14 in order to form tightjoints with the registering ribs of the adjoining section members.

The contacting rib portions 27 at the top I of the adjoining members 13" are'cut out to form openings 28 to permit of access to .the flues for cleaning the same or for other purposes. The openings 28 are provided with individual covers 29, which in turnare closed by a cover 29 fitting into a single opening registering'with all of said smaller openings 28.

The upper portion of the front edge of the members 13 terminates, at about midway of its height, in a downwardly and for wardly inclined projection 30 having laterally-extending fins 30 upon its opposite sides forming fuel supporting members which substantially register with one another, and jointly with the inclined portion 23 of the front 13" form the tapering bottom of the fuel magazine31 having a constricted openin Below the pro ection 30 is a similar, but

shorter projection 33 which is also provided upon its opposite sides with fins 33, and below said projection 33 is a still shorter project-ion 34 having fins 34 upon its opposite sides The inclined front, formed by the fins 34 is arranged at less of an angle to the vertical than the front formed by the fins 33. Below the projection 34, the rear 32 intermediate the same.

wall of the fuel chamber and of the ash pit is formed by the curved indented front edge I space 38 is formed betweenthe lower edge of the projection 34 and the curved front edge 35 of the rear member 13. of said fuel supporting members become more acute as the same approach the base of said fuel receptacle.

The space between the upper ends of the fins 33, 34 and the inner or rear .ends of the upper wall portion 36*, 37* form outlet openings 39, 39', respectively communicating with the ascending and descending flues 40, 40*, respectively, formed intermediate thesection members 13 by a water-backed rib 41 extending inwardly and upwardly from the lower front edge of said rear members, and terminating near the upper central parts of said members 13*. The lower end of the flue part 40 communicates with the transverse openings 42 communicating with the smoke hood 43.

The angles The secondary air which mingles with i the products of combustionin the chambers or spaces 36, '37, prior to the passage thereof in separated strata into the flues 40, 40 is supplied partly by an air tube 48 having apertures 49 therein and communicating 5 distillates liberated or produced by the fuel and which would otherwise collect in the top of the fuel magazine and finally escape through the fuel opening and into the building.

In operation, the fuel is introduced into the magazine through the fuel opening provided with the cover 19, and in the due course of operation the same is caused to descend between the inclined fins 25 of the front 13, and the inclined fins 3O, 33*, 34. The space between the lower ends of the fins 25 and 30, 33*, 34 becomes progressively wider as said fins approach the bottom of the furnace, reaching its maximum extent of separation just above a horizontal line drawn from the lower end of the front members 13 to the curved front edge 35 of the rear member 13, whence said distance again decreases to compensate for the shrinkage of the fuel as it is consumed and converted into ash.

The primary air necessary to support the column of incandescent fuel is supplied thereto through the spaces between the inclined fins 25 of the lower portion 23* of the front member 13, and the products of combustion pass in strata or horizontal layers between the projections 30, 33, 34 of the rear member into the combustion chambers 36, 37, 38 and there become mixed with the preheated secondary air supplied by the secondary air tube 48 and the secondary air ducts 46. I

It is to be noted particularly that by reason of the construction, arrangement and angles of the fins of the front member 13, and the fins 33, 34 the column of green as well as of incandescent fuel is su ported in a manner that preventsthe cho ing or bridging of the fuel; the constant and uniform downward feed or travel thereof insured, and the fuel particles maintained in such degree of separation as will insure the free passage of primary air thereto and therethrough to sup ort the combustion thereof. As the ash dlflers materially in its physical properties from that of the fuel from which it is produced, the lower fins 25 of the front member 13*, and the corresponding fins 34 of the back member 13 are made more vertical in order to facilitate the proper descent of the ash to and into the ash pit.

Having thus described my said invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A boiler comprising afront wall'portion, a back wall portion arranged in spaced relation to said front wall portion and forming a vertical fuel receptacle therebetween; said front wall port on having an inlet openings communicating wlth said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardly from said back wall port-ion into said fuel receptacle and serving to support the fuelwithin said fuel receptacle; said projections forming recesses there-between constituting superposed combustion chambers communicating with said fuel receptacle, and flues extending;v from said combustion chambers to the smoke .outlet, substantially as specified.

. 2. A boiler comprising a front wall POI'". tion, a back wall portion arrangedin spaced relation to said front wall portion and forming a vertical fuel receptacle therebetween, downwardly inclined fins extending inward- 1y from said front wall portion and forming air inlet openings intermediate the same communicating with said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardly and downwardly from said back wall portion into said fuel receptacle and serving, jointly with said fins, to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle; said projections forming recesses therebetween constituting superposed combustion chambers communicating with said fuel receptacle, and flues extending from said combustion chambers to the smoke outlet, substantially as specified.

3. A boiler comprlsing a front wall portion, a back wall portion arranged in spaced relation to said front wall portion and forming a vertical fuel receptacle therebetween, downwardly inclined fins extending inwardly from said front wall portion and forming air inlet openings intermediate the same communicating with said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardlv and downwardly from said back wall portion into said fuel receptacle and serving, jointly with said fins, to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle; the angles of said fins and of said projections becoming progressively more acute towards the'bottom of said fuel receptacle: and said projections forming recesses there between constituting superposed combustion chambers communicating with said fuel receptacle, and. flues extending from said combustion chambers to the smokeoutlet, substantially as specified.

- 4. A boiler comprising a; vertical fuel receptacle having air inlet openings communicating therewith, a plurality of superposed combustion chambers of progressively increasing area. communicating with said fuel receptacle, and fines extending from said combustion chambers to the smoke outlet, substantially as specified.

5. A boiler comprising a front wall portion, a back wall portion arranged in spaced relationto said front wall portion and forming a vertical fuel receptacle therebetween; said front wall portion having air inlet openings communicating with said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardly and downwardly from said back wall portion into said fuel receptacle and serving to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle; said projections forming superposed recesses therebetween of progressively increasing area constituting cornbustion chambers communicating with said fuel receptacle, flues, and an outlet from each of said combustion chambers to said flues, substantially as specified.

6. A boiler comprising a front wall portion, a back wall portion arranged in spaced relation to said front wall portion and forming ayertical fuel receptacle therebetween; said front wall portion having air inlet openings'communicating with said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardly from said back wall portion into said fuel receptacle and serving to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle; said projections forming recesses therebetween constituting superposed combustion chambers communicating with said fuel re ceptacle, flues, outlets from said combustion chambers to sald flues, and a member on send.

- smoke outlet, substantially as specified.

8. A sectional boiler comprising a series of transverse front members and a. series of transverse back members arranged in spaced relation to said front members and forming a fuel receptacle therebetween; said front members having air inlet openings commu nicating withsaid fuel receptacle, a superposed series of combustion chambers in said.

back members communicating with said fuel receptacle, means for introducing secondary air into said combustion chambers, and flues common to said combustion chambers extending therefrom to the smoke outlet, substantially as specified.

9. A sectional boiler comprising end sections and a plurality of intermediate sections, composed of a connected series of front members and a connected series of back members; said back members being arranged in spaced relation to said front members and forming a. vertical fuel receptacle therebetween, downwardly inclined fins extending inwardly from said front members and forming air inlet openings intermediate the same communicating with said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardly from said back members, downwardly inclined fins extending forwardly from said back members and serving, jointly with the inclined fins on said front members, to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle, horizontal combustion chambers intermediate the projections on said back members communicating with said fuel receptacle, and vertical flues intermediate said back members extending from said combustion chambers to the smoke outlet, substantially as specified.

10. A sectional boiler comprising end sections and a plurality of intermediate sections composed of a connected series of front members and a connected series of back members; said back members being arranged in spaced relation to said front members and forming a vertical fuel receptacle therebetween, downwardly inclined fins extending inwardly from said front members and forming air inlet openings intermediate the same communicating with said fuel receptacle, a superposed series of projections extending forwardly from said back members, downwardly inclined fins extending forwardly from said back members and serving, jointly with the inclined fins on said front members, to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle, horizontal combustion chambers intermediate the projections on said back members communicating with said fuel receptacle, air inlets in the sides of the boiler communicating with said combustion chambers for supplying secondary air thereto, and vertical flues intermediate said back members extending from said combustion chambers to the smoke outlet, substantially as specified. j

11. A boiler comprising a vertical fuel receptacle, superposed projections on the back I wall of said fuel receptacle serving to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle; said projections forming between the same recesses constituting superposed combustion chambers communicating with said fuel receptacle, flues extending from said combustion chambers to the smoke outlet, and means for supplying secondary air to each of the several columns of gases entering said flues from the said combustion chambers, substantially as specified.

1-2. A sectional boiler comprising end sections, and a plurality of intermediate sections composed of a connected series of front members and a connected series of back members; said back members being arranged in spaced relation to said front members and forming a vertical fuel receptacle therebetween, downwardly inclined fins extending inwardly from said front members and forming air inlet. openings intermediate the same communicating with said fuel receptacle, a series of projections extending inwardly from said back members and becoming progressively longer and further sepa rated from each other as they approach the upper portion of said fuel receptacle, downwardly inclined fins extending forwardly from said back members and serving, jointly with the inclined fins on 'said front members, to support the fuel within said fuel receptacle; the projections on said back members forming a series of superposed horizontal combustion chambers intermediate the same communicating with said fuel 7 receptacle, and vertical flues arranged intermediate said back members and connecting said combustion chambers with the smoke outlet, substantially as specified.

13. A boiler comprising end sections and a plurality of intermediate sections formed in two parts and forming a transverse fuel receptacle therebetween, a superposed loo of downwardly inclined fins extending inwardly from the lower portion of one of said parts and forming air inlets intermediate the same, a series of superposed projecl'ionsextending forwardly from the other of said parts, inwardly and downwardly inclined fins on said projections having their free ends opposite the intervals between the free ends of the fins on said first-named part and forming a series of horizontally-superposed combnstion chambers adjacent to their other ends, and a series of flues in said second-named part connecting said combustion chambers with the smoke outlet, substanof November, one thousand ninehundred and' twenty.

FRANK B. HOWVELL.

Witnesses:

CONRAD A. Dmrmon, W. T. HAHN. 

